Whitepapers arranged in alphabetical order by organisation from A to E.
F | G | H | I | J
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F
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Business Processes Secured by Immutable Audit Trails on the Blockchain
Factom – Paul Snow, Brian Deery, Jack Lu, David Johnston, Peter Kirby
In this paper, we describe how Factom creates a distributed, autonomous protocol to cost effectively separate the Bitcoin blockchain from the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. We discuss client- defined Chains of Entries, client-side validation of Entries, a distributed consensus algorithm for recording Entries, and a blockchain anchoring approach for security.
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Factom Ledger by Consensus
Factom – Paul Snow, Brian Deery, Jack Lu, David Johnston, Peter Kirby
This paper goes over the architecture of Factom, and describes how its components fit together. We discuss a set of attacks, and demonstrate that as long as more than half of the participants are honest, and run the protocol as defined, Factom will perform as needed. Performance slows with increased dishonesty among system actors, however. As actors fail to perform, they are replaced with new actors.
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A Decentralized, Shared, BlockchainEnabled, Scalable, Modular App Platform That Unleashes The P2P “Internet of People” Economy
Fermat’s central premise is that there is a path to software development that is smarter, better and more efficient than the status quo. The Fermat framework allows anyone from anywhere to collaborate and mutually profit from shared ownership of modular applications: it enables an openended stream of micropayments to authors of reusable software components that can be perpetually combined and recombined to create an everexpanding library of useful, highlycustomizable, peertopeer commercial applications (apps).
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A Cryptocurrency Operated File Storage Network
Filecoin is a distributed electronic currency similar to Bitcoin. Unlike Bitcoin’s computation-only proof-of-work, Filecoin’s proof-of-work function includes a proof-of-retrievability component, which requires nodes to prove they store a particular file. The Filecoin network forms an entirely distributed file storage system, whose nodes are incentivized to store as much of the entire network’s data as they can. The currency is awarded for storing files, and is transferred in transactions, as in Bitcoin. Files are added to the network by spending currency. This produces strong monetary incentives for individuals to join and work for the network. In the course of ordinary operation of the Filecoin network, nodes contribute useful work in the form of storage and distribution of valuable data.
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Fluttercoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency with Proof-of-Transaction
One of the descendants of Bitcoin, Fluttercoin sets itself apart as the first crypto-currency to provide transactions as a proof of participation. Proof-of-transaction adds an additional layer of blockchain and transactional security by allowing economic participants to prove they were involved in a transaction. This system verifies the coinbase of every proof-of-work block, and validity of a proof-of-transaction reward or lack thereof. The result, secures the blockchain as all unmodified nodes will reject invalid blocks that should or shouldn’t have included a proof-of-transaction rewards.
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Fluttercoin: Proof-of-Transaction V2
Key improvements to the original Fluttercoin Proof of Transaction whitepaper, including an increase of frequency in proof-of-transaction rewards, lower proof-of-transaction reward, but large increase in PoT rewards overall. A reduced minimum transaction size for PoT consideration from 500 to 1 FLT.The addition of variable PoT difficulties depending on the number of transactions occurring per block.
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Foldingcoin Whitepaper – Mine Medicine, Not Hashes
FoldingCoin – Robert Ross, James Sewell
FoldingCoin Inc.1looks to harness computational power used in alternative cryptocurrency blockchains to be better used for medical and scientific projects with goals of solving world problems. In doing so, FoldingCoin Inc. looks to compensate participants with cryptocurrencies built on Counterparty.
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G
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Crypto-Currency using Berkeley Open Infrastructure Network Computing Grid as a Proof Of Work
Gridcoin – Rob Halford
A distributed crypto-currency utilizing a hybrid proof-of-work design based on scrypt, skein, groestl and cubehash for the security portion of the proof of work, and Proof Of Boinc for the remaining portion of the Proof Of Work.
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H
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Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Marketplace
HackMiami – Alex Heid
This paper will go over the technical, economic, and social impact of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Litecoin. This document will go into a comprehensive level of detail about cryptocurrency technologies and protocols, as this is required to familiarize the reader with the principles behind the rapidly emerging open source economic ecosystem. Furthermore, emerging attack vectors of cryptocurrencies will be discussed, such as custom malware campaigns and targeted exploitation.
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Hyperledger Whitepaper
This paper describes industry use cases that drive the principles behind a new blockchain fabric, and outlines the basic requirements and high level architecture based on those use cases. The design presented here describes this evolving blockchain fabric, called Hyperledger, as a protocol for business-to-business and business-to-customer transactions.
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I
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Open Fund Management Platform to disrupt the investment industry
ICONOMI – Tim M. Zagar, Jani Valjavec, Zenel Batagelj, Ervin U. Kovac, Ales Lekse
The essence and vision of the ICONOMI project is the ICONOMI Open Fund Management (OFM) platform for investing. OFM is a simple management tool where traders with knowledge and experience create their own investment funds. Investors, on the other hand, are able to invest even the smallest amounts, getting a clear overview of available investment fund managers and their current & past performance.
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Cryptocurrencies without Proof of Work
Iddo Bentov, Ariel Gabizon, Alex Mizrahi
We study decentralized cryptocurrency protocols in which the participants do not deplete physical scarce resources. Such protocols commonly rely on Proof of Stake, i.e., on mechanisms that extend voting power to the stakeholders of the system. We offer analysis of existing protocols that have a substantial amount of popularity. We then present our novel pure Proof of Stake protocols, and argue that they help in mitigating problems that the existing protocols suffer from.
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A Protocol for Interledger Payments
Interledger – Stefan Thomas & Evan Schwartz
This paper presents a protocol for payments across payment systems. It enables secure transfers between ledgers and allows anyone with accounts on two ledgers to create a connection between them. Ledger-provided escrow removes the need to trust these connectors. Connections can be composed to enable payments between any ledgers, creating a global graph of liquidity or Interledger.
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Hybrid Assets for Peer-to-Peer Intersystemic Value Transfer
A meta-protocol and blockchain integration solution for transacting value across different digital currency systems would allow for multiple decentralized financial platforms to exchange value and thus form a coherent cryptosphere, without needing intermediary financial institutions. Third party services currently assist users to exchange one form of digital cash or asset for another, but a trusted third party is still required to mediate these transactions. We propose a solution to the problem of isolated digital currency systems using a meta-level transfer protocol with an extendable design, making accessible any kind of blockchain-based economy or other digital cash system for cross-blockchain and inter-system transactions.
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Transactions as Proof-of-Stake
Invictus Innovations – Daniel Larimer
The concept behind Proof-of-Stake is that a blockchain should be secured by those with a financial interest in the chain. This paper will introduce a new approach to Proof-of-Stake that utilizes coin-days- destroyed by every transaction as a substitute for the vast majority of the security currently provided by Proof-of-Work. Unlike prior Proof-of-Stake systems in which only some nodes contribute to the proof-of-stake calculation, presented in this paper is a new approach to Proof-of-Stake whereby all nodes generating transactions contribute to the security of the network. The author speculates that such a network would be immune to known attacks against Bitcoin or Peercoin.
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General purpose hierarchical Decentralized key-value storage on blockchain, Private DIONS
In this paper, we propose a new language of transactions I/Oscript, which is the development of the script, allowing construction on the basis of our decentralized blockchain for general purpose key-value storage with an advanced system for delegation of rights, as well as further steps to develop I/Oscript to Turing-complete language, which will grant the same ability as Ethereum, to create smart-contracts. The article will be organized as follows. In the second section, we will discuss the different methods of using centralized key-value storage and discuss what properties it must satisfy for the most-wide use. In the third section, we will propose new operators expanding script to I/Oscript. In the fourth section, we briefly outline the next steps in the development of I/Oscript.
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The Tangle
IOTA – Serguei Popov∗ , for Jinn Labs
In this paper we analyze the technology used as a backbone of iota (a cryptocurrency for Internet-of-Things industry). This technology naturally succeeds the blockchain technology as its next evolutionary step and comes out with features required for micropayments conducted on a global scale.
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J
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Jetcoin
Jetcoin disrupts the traditional fan-athlete/talent relationship by creating new ways for you to interact with your favorite athletes/talents and by enabling anyone to launch and support the career of tomorrow’s super stars, the Jetcoin Champions.
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